Orthodontics

• Tooth-size discrepancy ie insufficient jaw space for all the teeth to erupt into good alignment.
• Early loss of teeth. The resulting space allows erupting permanent teeth to drift into them.
• Excessive or deficient jaw bones. This is a growth or developmental problem; genetic in origin.
• Parafunctional habits such as thumb sucking and tongue thrusting.
• Cleft lip/ palate and craniofacial syndromes. This is mal-alignment as a result of severe facial deformities.

• Removable appliances. These are plastic plates that can be removed from the teeth. Wires are incorporated onto the plates to move teeth.
• Growth modification. Treatment that is carried out early, before puberty to either lengthen or shorten the jaw bones.
• Micro-implants or TAD (Temporary Anchorage Devices) are implanted to serve as anchorage to